Aspectos relevantes en el desarrollo del tutorial en aprendizaje basado en problemas desde la perspectiva de los tutores de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de La Frontera / The opinion of teachers about tutorial problem based learning

Background: In 2004 the Faculty of Medicine of Universidad de La Frontera in Chile implemented curricular changes, incorporating small group problem based learning in different carriers. Aim: To explore aspects that hamper or facilitate tutorial problem based learning from the perspective of tutors. Material and Methods: Six in depth interviews and a focus group with tutors were carried out in 2010 and 2011. Data were analyzed through constant comparisons using the program ATLAS ti, guaranteeing credibility, reliance, validation and transferability. Results: Five hundred and twenty eight (528) significance units were identified and 25 descriptive categories emerged. The categories of tutor motivation, methodological domain, tutor responsibility, tutor critical capacity, disciplinary domain, student participation and tutor-student interaction were emphasized. Three qualitative domains were generated, namely tutor skills, transformation of student roles and institutional commitment. Conclusions: Tutorial teaching is favored by teachers when the institutions train them in the subject, when there is administrative support and an adequate infrastructure and coordination.

Aprendizaje basado en problemas multiprofesional: Estudio cualitativo desde la perspectiva de los tutores / Problem based learning from the perspective of tutors

Background: Problem based learning is a student centered learning technique that develops deductive, constructive and reasoning capacities among the students. Teachers must adapt to this paradigm of constructing rather than transmitting knowledge. Aim: To interpret the importance of tutors in problem based learning during a module of Health research and management given to medical, nursing, physical therapy, midwifery, technology and nutrition students. Material and methods: Eight teachers that participated in a module using problem based learning accepted to particípate in an in depth interview. The qualitative analysis of the textual information recorded, was performed using the ATLAS software. Results: We identiñed 662 meaning units, grouped in 29 descriptive categories, with eight emerging meta categories. The sequential and cross-generated qualitative analysis generated four domains: competence among students, competence of teachers, student-centered learning and evaluation process. Conclusions: Multiprofessional problem based learning contríbutes to the development of generic competences among future health professionals, such as multidisciplinary work, critical capacity and social skills. Teachers must shelter the students in the context of their problems and social situation.

Aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante en la formación de los profesionales de la salud / Student center learning in the formation of the health professionals

Con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de la formación de los futuros profesionales del tal forma de responder realmente a los requirimientos del siglo XXI, en la actualidad las Facultades de Medicina del país, se encuentran en un proceso de reformulación de los planes de estudios de las Carreras que imparten. Por ello, es importante que los docentes conozcan y profundicen las nuevas tendencias educacionales para abordar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, siendo una de ellas el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante. El trabajo de revisión está orientado a una descripción de este enfoque educacional, analizando ventajas y desventajas para docentes y alumnos en los aspectos del proceso educativo. El aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante responde a los intereses del educando y a una formación más integral, a una educación del hombre en función de su racionalidad humana que serán el recurso humano responsable de mejorar la calidad de la salud del país

Prevalencia de síntomas biológicos y psicológicos en mujeres perimenopáusicas, según estrato socioeconómico, en la ciudad de Temuco / Prevalence of biological and psychological symptoms in perimenopausal women of different socioeconomic levels Temuco city

Background: Psychological and biological symptoms occur in the perimenopausal period. However the real prevalence of these, is not well known in Chile. Aim: To determine the prevalence of biological and psychological symptoms and self care sexual health practices of perimenopausal women of Temuco, Chile. Patients and methods: A random sample of 171 women aged 45 to 55 years old, affiliated to private preventive health institutions and community organizations, were studied. These women were stratified in three income levels. Chi square, Fisher test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Bone and muscle aches were the most frequent referred symptoms in 36 percent of women. Thirty one percent complained of vaginal dryness and 28 percent of headache. No differences in symptom frequency per age or between post or pre menopausal women, were observed. Depressive disorders were found in 39 percent of women, mostly in women not working outside their houses. In the previous two years, 67 percent of women had a PAP smear and 58 percent had a mammography performed. Women of low income levels had a greater prevalence of biological and psychological symptoms and a lower frequency of self care behaviors. Conclusions: The most frequent symptom among the studied women was bone and muscle aches, followed by vaginal dryness. These results differ from other publications that report flushing as the most important symptom among perimenopausal women